France’s foreign-policy revolution

WhenNATOEU Olaf Scholz proclaimed a , or “historic turning point” for Germany, after Russia invaded Ukraine, it startled Europe. The German chancellor’s promise to invest heavily in defence, though haltingly implemented, marked an abrupt change. Far less noticed is an equally arresting shift taking place in France. The implications of its turning point for Europe could be just as significant.France’s consists of a double inflection point. Each touches a fundamental precept. One is Ukraine’s membership of . The other is the enlargement of the ’s borders to the east and south. France, once sceptical about welcoming newcomers to either group, has quietly become an advocate for both.